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Constitutional Court Quashes Holness-Approved Bauxite Permit for Dry Harbour Mountains

St. Ann
Constitutional Court Quashes Holness-Approved Bauxite Permit for Dry Harbour Mountains

Tribinal Konstitisyonèl Jamayik la bay yon desizyon istorik jedi a, li deklare ke yon minis Kabinè pa gen otorite pou ranvèse desizyon yon regilatè anviwònmantal espesyalize sansa ranvèsman sa a chita sou yon rezònman klè ki baze sou prèv. Jijman an efase yon pèmi minye konteste 2020 ki kouvri Mòn Dry Harbour yo nan St Ann.

Nan yon desizyon inanim, Jij Sonya Wint-Blair, Andrea Thomas, ak Tricia Hutchinson-Shelly anile pèmi yo te bay Bengal Development Limited la, ki te bay konpayi an dwa pou ekstrè boksit, peyat, sab, ak lòt mineral nan zòn ekolojikman frajil ki sitiye ant Rio Bueno ak Discovery Bay. Tribinal la deside ke ni pèmi a li menm ni aksyon ministeryèl ki te otorize l la te "unconstitutional, void, and of no effect".

Nan kè dosye a se te yon entèvansyon 2020 Premye Minis Dr Andrew Holness, ki nan epòk sa a te responsab Natural Resources Conservation Authority (NRCA). Holness te ranvèse refi NRCA te fè anvan an sou aplikasyon Bengal Development nan mwa oktòb 2020, li deklare ke li te "decided to allow the appeal and set aside the decision of the NRCA". Yon pèmi ki gen 76 kondisyon te bay 5 novanm 2020, epi yo te modifye l pi ta apre pwotestasyon piblik.

Tribinal la te fèm sou pwen ke ajoute kondisyon nan pèmi a pa t kapab sove l konstitisyonèlman. Yon minis, dapre jij yo, pa ka legalman ranplase konklizyon yon ajans teknik san li pa prezante yon baz solid ak rasyonèl ki fonde sou prèv.

"The court has not been asked to decide whether development is good or bad for Jamaica," Jij Wint-Blair ekri. "The court's task is much narrower and focused only on what the Constitution allows," li ajoute, pandan li mete aksan sou nesesite pou peze pwogrè ekonomik kont pwoteksyon anviwònman.

NRCA te okòmansman refize aplikasyon Bengal la, li avèti ke yon karyè ki gen "nature, size, scale and intensity" yo pwopoze a t ap fè dega ni sou anviwònman ni sou kominote ki tou pre yo. Ajans lan te konkli plis pase sa ke nenpòt pèt biyodivèsite nan zòn nan t ap "irreplaceable". Apwobasyon final la te vini atravè yon mekanis apèl anba NRCA Act la, lè ansyen minis Leslie Campbell te akòde apèl la nan mwa jiyè 2020 anvan Holness te konfime l.

Lè li reponn sou rezilta a, King's Counsel Michael Hylton, ki te dirije batay rezidan yo, di konsekans yo depase byen lwen sèl konfli sa a. "It speaks to the limits of executive power. Where does the policymaking and other decision-making power of a minister or government body stop? And what are the limitations?" Hylton di.

Li diskite ke yon minis k ap egzèse pouvwa apèl sou yon òganis teknik dwe montre yon rezònman transparan ki ka demontre. "You're entitled to come to another view, but you need a good reason - and a demonstrably better reason than the body you're overruling," li di. "And you need to explain the reason to the public, to the affected people, and, if necessary, to the court. That's a really big point."

Reklamasyon konstitisyonèl la te depoze nan mwa desanm 2020 pa uit reklamatè - rezidan, pwopriyetè tè, kiltivatè, ak operatè biznis nan kominote Bengal la - ki gen ladan biyolojis Wendy Lee, doktè Shermian Woodhouse, ak kiltivatè Martin ak Anne Hopwood. Yo te diskite ke pèmi a t ap gen anpil chans pou vyole dwa Charter yo pou "a healthy and productive environment free from the threat of injury or damage from environmental abuse". Jij yo te dakò, yo te jwenn yon vyolasyon pwobab Eta a te echwe pou jistifye.

Desizyon an te chita anpil sou yon revizyon 76 kondisyon yo ak sou objeksyon Forestry Department la te leve. Jij Wint-Blair te siyale 10 mank legal ak prèv distenk, li deside ke kondisyon yo "do not cure the problem. They cannot establish a rational connection when the underlying activity is likely to be harmful. Nor do they transform likely irreversible environmental harm into constitutionally acceptable minimal impairment merely by being attached to the permit".

Forestry Department la te avèti ke Environmental Impact Assessment la pa t ofri okenn etap mitigasyon ki ka fonksyone epi okenn sit karyè Jamayiken pa t janm reyabilite ak siksè atravè rebwazman. Menm evalyasyon entèn Bengal la te rekonèt danje pou eksplozyon ak menas kontaminasyon dlo anba tè.

Sou agiman ekonomik Gouvènman an te avanse a, Jij Thomas rejte reklamasyon yo paske yo te manke sipò. Asèsyon sou kwasans ak kreyasyon travay yo te make kòm "sweeping generalisation[s]" san chif konkrè. Jij Wint-Blair te tou eksplike sans "healthy and productive environment", li entèprete "productive" kòm devlopman dirab ki sipòte byennèt imen pandan l ap konsève resous natirèl, olye pou eksplwatasyon brit. Jij Hutchinson-Shelly tou te jwenn anbisyon devlòpman Gouvènman an "aspirational" san sipò prèv tankou etid fezabilite. "There was no evidence presented in respect of these assertions, whether feasibility studies or other data which support the economic and developmental benefits expected," li di.

Tribinal la rejte agiman dwa pwopriyete Bengal, li deside ke dwa sa yo pa pwolonje pou garanti pèmi karyè, epi li refize bay domaj-enterè paske yo te evite vyolasyon an. Lòd yo anile pèmi a epi yo entèdi Bengal pou fè nenpòt aktivite minye sou tè a.

Rezidan yo te reprezante pa Hylton ak avoka Daynia Allen, pandan Abe Dabdoub te parèt pou Bengal ak Annaliesa Lindsay pou avoka jeneral la. Tou de Dabdoub ak Lindsay refize fè kòmantè, yo di yo poko li jijman an.

Lee selebre desizyon an kòm yon tounan pou dwa anviwònmantal nan peyi a. "This ruling confirms without doubt that Jamaicans have a constitutional right to enjoy a healthy and productive environment free from the threat of injury or damage," li di, li fè konnen Dry Harbour Mountain te depi lontan deziye pou pwoteksyon anba St Ann Development Order la. Li remèsye Office of the Public Defender ak ekip legal Hylton Powell pou sipò yo bay dosye a.

Allen rele rezilta a yon gwo etap konstitisyonèl. "As you might know, this is the first direct decision in relation to the new right to protection of the environment and health … so it's a very important case," li di, li sijere ke li ka sèvi kòm presedan. "I think it sends a very good signal … . I encourage the public to be familiar with it and companies and the government as well to just take note of the principles outlined here."

Syndicated from Jamaica Gleaner · originally published .

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