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A sweeping legal battle over who controls America’s energy policy has landed in federal court, with the US Department of Justice moving to block Minnesota’s attempt to regulate global greenhouse gas emissions through state litigation.

The complaint, filed in the US District Court for the District of Minnesota, argues that the state is exceeding its authority by trying to shape global emissions policy and interfere with federally governed energy markets. The action aligns with President Donald J Trump’s executive order directing federal agencies to protect domestic energy development from what the administration describes as state-level overreach.

At the centre of the filing is the argument that Minnesota’s lawsuit against energy companies improperly seeks to dictate global conduct and redirect profits through state court action—steps federal officials say are reserved exclusively for national authority under the Constitution and the Clean Air Act.

“President Trump promised to unleash American energy dominance, and Minnesota officials cannot undermine his directive by mandating that their woke climate preferences become the uniform policy of our Nation,” said Associate Attorney General Stanley Woodward.

“Minnesota’s attempt to impose a national regulation on global greenhouse gas emissions not only is preempted by federal law, but also undermines affordable and reliable American energy, weakening the national and economic security of the United States.”

“The case we filed against Minnesota today is an attempt to rein in another unconstitutional state effort to invade an area of exclusive federal control,” said Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Adam Gustafson of the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD).

“It is in America’s interest to have independent and secure sources of energy. Minnesota’s attempted overreach would undermine our economic and national security to advance the climate agenda of politicians and activists.”

According to the complaint filed in US District Court for the District of Minnesota, the State of Minnesota is attempting to regulate global greenhouse gas emissions by suing energy companies in state court to enjoin global energy production and compel them to disgorge their profits. As Judge Stras of the Eighth Circuit has recognized, such efforts to “set national energy policy” and “change the companies’ behavior on a global scale” are “beyond the limits of state law.”

These efforts are also preempted by the Constitution and the Clean Air Act. Last year, ENRD filed complaints against Hawaii, Michigan, New York, and Vermont to stop those states’ unconstitutional climate actions.