Swimmer's Ear: Bacterial Infection Linked to Trapped Water in the Ear Canal

Swimmer's ear is a bacterial infection of the outer ear canal. It commonly develops when contaminated water remains trapped inside the ear after swimming, leaving a moist environment where bacteria can grow.

Pain is the main symptom. Discomfort often worsens with any movement of the ear, including touching it or lying on the affected side. Many people also notice a yellow or green discharge. The fluid may not run down the face, but it can be seen on cotton placed in the ear. That discharge may also have an odour. Hearing can become muffled as debris and discharge build up in the canal.

Anyone can develop swimmer's ear. Contaminated water sitting in the ear canal is a common cause. Patients often worsen the problem by scratching the ear with a Q-tip, hairpin, or similar object.

Swimming pools and other bodies of water can carry high concentrations of bacteria, including Pseudomonas and E. coli. These organisms can survive chlorine and enter the ear during swimming.

Keeping the ears dry and avoiding injury to the ear canal are important steps in prevention. When infection occurs, antibiotic ear drops are often prescribed. Some preparations also include a steroid to reduce inflammation. Treatment typically lasts up to 10 days, with drops applied twice daily. A physician may also clean the ear to remove debris and discharge, which is a key part of clearing the infection.

To reduce repeat episodes during hot weather, when more people swim, dry the ears carefully after water exposure. Small fans designed for ear drying are sold online. Another approach is to place a small amount of cotton at the entrance of the ear and tilt the head to help draw out moisture.